The Bag Full and Check Brush light flash one time when I flip the power switch.
When I thought I fixed it, as stated in my post, I managed to run it and vacuum a whole room. It must have been over 20 minutes. It acted and sounded normal. Then, when I tuned it on again later, I heard the motor cut for a fraction of a second then it cut off completely with no lights flashing moments later. When I took it apart again and moved the belts by hand, it ran for a few more seconds then died.
Filters and bag are relatively new. No clogs that I can see. When it ran, it cleaned like normal.